Dental implants can provide an alternative to dentures or partial bridges in the case of a single tooth replacement. A dental implant consists of a small titanium screw that is placed in the jaw and takes the place of the natural root of a tooth. Over a period of several months the titanium in the screw bonds with the bone of the jaw and becomes a strong and permanent base for a small post (known as an abutment) which will in turn be used to hold a porcelain crown. While the process of getting a dental implant is fairly straight forward, there are a number of things you should consider.
This is the phase most important. It consists of the request of special made x-ray examinations with markers that allow measurement of the amount of available bone in maxilla, some cases it is necessary to perform a computerized cat scan to confirm the amount of bone. The more bone the better, this allows the use of bigger pins for implantations, and promotes greater resistance; greater faying surface, and consequently greater osseo integration area. A minute examination of its oral structures will be made (including teeth, gums, mucosa, tongue, chewing muscles, standard bite and malocclusion, saliva evaluation and hygienic habits).
Plaster models of its dental arches for study will be made, which will be mounted in an articulator (a device for the study of the chewing movements). This device will study the form and the function of the natural teeth of the patient, demonstrating the possibilities and alternatives of the prosthesis. The type of prosthesis (teeth) ideal for each patient will be determined in each case based on this study. Combining this information with its measurements and osseous qualities it will determine the number, distribution (ideal location) and size of the implantations. The bigger, wider and in greater the final number of implants result in a greater chew capacity. Gums and hygiene will be evaluated. Gingival illnesses, cavities, infections, teeth with root canals, and harmful hygiene (accumulation of microbial plaque) contraindicate the placement of implantations. The surgical phase can only be carried out after completely eliminating the problems listed above.
This is the first surgical phase. If the case does not have enough osseous structure then it can be subdivided. First, is the osseous preparation (including grafts, extractions of roots, treatment of canals with injury, procedures to place the gingival in excellent conditions, etc.) Second is the implant placement: By means of a small surgery, under local anesthesia, a surgical guide is placed in the mouth of the patient, having indicated the accurate place for the osseous perforations. In these perforations, made with special drills, under irrigation, the small metallic roots are placed, with a snug fit.
Nowadays with the advance of the technology, the Dr. is able to place the implants and loaded with the prosthesis in less than 72 hours, depending on the case. This technique is called “immediate load”.
When the option of the immediate load isn’t possible it passes to the second surgical phase. With a minimum of 4 months after the first surgical phase, a small incision in the gum is made to accommodate a connector that joins the artificial root to the crown (the new tooth) and gives the adequate contour to the gum. The trend today is for the placement of Implants during one surgery. That eliminates the incision phase during the surgery. Then what is left is the “apparent Implantation”.
After the gum is healed a mold is made with small metallic pins protruding. Plaster models of the mouth are made, with the implantations in their accurate position.
There are made of acrylic the color of teeth, to stimulate the osseous maturation around the artificial roots. The implantations that are not activated in the first 6 months can suffer spontaneous reabsorption and failure.
6. Prosthesis with definitive tooth
All the connections are pre manufactured, this helps promotes the adaptation and accuracy of the work. In case that it is necessary make some small repair to the porcelain, any gingival treatment or increase of prosthesis for loss of some or another natural tooth. The teeth which are screwed onto the artificial roots can be removed with a small effort by the Dr. If none of these problems happen It is advised that the teeth be unscrewed and polished and or burnished once a year. The little head of the screw that appears on teeth can be re-covered with resin the same color of neighboring teeth. In some cases the prosthesis need to be cemented and not to be screwed.
Osseous Grafts: sometimes a surgical procedure is necessary when there is an insufficient amount of osseous structure to receive the implantation. When bone is to be placed it can be synthetic (gotten through materials not from the individual); or autogenously (gotten from other areas of the individual, such as the bone of the dental arches).
Dental Prosthesis: it’s placement of the artificial tooth. Used for the correction of anomalies of the disposition of teeth and the formation of the maxilla-mandible, as well as, for the restoration of the extensive losses of the maxilla and jaw. These artificial teeth normally are made of porcelain, providing excellent resistance and an cosmetic one.
Sedation: In the CEIMG they use it endovenous sedation with nitrous oxide. The endovenous sedation is done under the supervision of medical anesthetist. This is indicated for bigger surgeries and multiple implantations. The sedation with nitrous oxide is currently a safe, efficient procedure, and produces analgesia in 97% of the patients. 65% of North American Surgeons-Dentists are using nitrous oxide for their procedures it is also widely used in countries of Europe, Canada, Japan, Poland and Israel. It produces a state of pleasant analgesia, and relaxation, reducing dentist phobia.
Zygoma Implants
Zygoma Implants
An advance is the implant settled to the zygomatic or malar bone (supports the apple of the face), developed for the Swedish Per-Ingvar Bränemark, called of zygoma implant.
This is the ideal alternative for patients who had lost the osseous reserve absorbed by the organism in consequence of the long time where they are without teeth. It is one innovative technique for not needing graft osseous, where the titanium bolts are anchored and fixed in the bone of the face of the patient.
The implant is placed by the internal part of the mouth in the same surgery where the other implantations are fixed, not leaving, therefore, apparent scars. This implantation decides the majority of the cases of advanced osseous loss. Another advance is the immediate load concept, that after consists of the rank of definitive the fixed prosthesis 72 hours the installation of the implantations. With the zygoma implant of the immediate load isn’t necessary to wait about one year.
After the implant is proven that the patients possess a more refined palate and an alimentary chew more efficient 60%.
Zygomatic CM
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- Cylindrical Implant with Morse Taper interface. |
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Downloads of the norms used for CEIMG
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» PGRSS
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